apollopetro

MolChem3 Product Info

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:37 GMT

The MolChem3™ process is a proprietary process which utilizes a sulfur recovery process. In this process, we sweeten the gas stream and produce elemental sulfur. Through our reactor-absorber tower, the process reacts H2S in the presence of SO2 which in turn produces free sulfur. The sweet residue will then be effectively dehydrated. The Carbon Dioxide stream in the gas phase does not impact the reaction mechanism. Therefore we are not having chemical uptake associated with the CO2 stream, which makes the process more efficient.

The MolChem3™ process is ideal for producers that have consistent sulfur issues that require more capacity than a typical bubble tower, but not nearly enough to support an amine system. MolChem3™ takes advantage of lower operating and energy cost compared. Also allows great flexibility in variable volume, as well as H2S levels, while not affecting economics. Fast application build/delivery, while maintaining the economics of a regenerative chemistry with best in industry downtime. MolChem3™ has a proprietary automation system which controls contact time based on H2S levels, gas flow, and oxidation potential. Greatly reduce CO2 and VOC emissions to help change the climate footprint.

Chemistry

2H 2 S + SO 2 -> 3S + 2H 2 O

technology

MolChem3™

details

Reactor-Absorber tower will react with H 2S in presence of SO2 to produce free S
Sweet residue will be effectively dehydrated
CO2 stream does not impact reaction

Mercaptan Procedures and Product Information

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:36 GMT

lab procedure

Homogenize feedstock neat sample
Place 500 mL in a 1000 mL beaker
Place a stir bar in beaker and moderately mix on a stir plate
Add 1 ml of (HCL) Hydrochloric acid and blend
Heat the sample to 93.3 C - 200 degrees F
Add 20 ml MER-X™ in increments of 2 ml each dosing every 30 seconds till complete
Continue to heat and stir for 30
Add 3 ml Apcotane™ heat and stir for 30 minutes
Discontinue heat and stirring
Let settle un-disturbed for 1 hour while cooling
Extract sample from the upper top 1/3 surface of the sample for testing D-3227
Do not extract the titration sample from the bottom of the beaker
Test sample method D-3227 titration for mercaptan (non-H2s)
Test sample method UOP 163 titration for mercaptan in the presence of H2S

lab health and safety

This study protocol procedure should be completed by standard lab health and safety Procedures compliant with OSHA and local health and safety regulations along with Corporate practices. PPE (personal protection equipment) is required for the treatment Of sulfur / mercaptans species with Mer-X Alkaline based chemicals. IN the presents of H2s, respiratory safety is a must containing aromatic vapor harmful to humans. EYE protection is required, shield, glasses, gloves, personal protection meter.

liquid hydrocarbon information

APCOTANE™

UN NUMBER: UN3266

USE

Polishing chemical after Mer-X™

TYPICAL DOSAGE

Excess dose to learn how chemistry works

Mer-x™

UN NUMBER: UN2924

USE

Stream with presence of mercaptan sulfur

TYPICAL DOSAGE

Excess dose to learn how chemistry works

Apollo Procedures and Product Information

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:33 GMT

lab procedure

In the original supplied sample container blend/homogenize sample to ensure all sediments are suspended in the liquid column
Typically make two beakers of 500 mills each of liquid sample
Mark one beaker NEAT Control Sample the other Mark as Treated Sample
Place a substantial magnetic stir bar in the treated sample and place on stir plate
Turn on stir plate between 650 to 800 RPM
Dose with predetermined Apcotane dosing rate
Blend on stir plate for 1 hour
Remove magnet and treated sample from stir plate and let sit for one hour
Place control Neat sample on stir plate at 650 to 800 RPM for five minutes
Remove magnet and neat control sample from stir plate
Withdraw sample of Neat control and Treated sample from each container by volume (Test in the center midway the liquid column height - not top or bottom)
Test as ASTM standards requires * Vigorous Blending is Key

liquid hydrocarbon information

APCOTANE™

UN NUMBER: UN3266

USE

Liquid hydrocarbon stream where H2S is >2,000 ppm

TYPICAL DOSAGE

600-2,000 PPM depending on stream analysis such as pH, paraffin/wax content, API, blending, residence time, and H2S levels

APCOTANE ultralite™

UN NUMBER: UN3266

USE

Liquid hydrocarbon stream where H2S is <2,000 ppm

TYPICAL DOSAGE

600-2,000 PPM depending on stream analysis such as pH, paraffin/wax content, API, blending, residence time, and H2S levels

Vap-X™ Oil blend

UN NUMBER: UN3266/UN130

USE

Liquid hydrocarbon stream where H2S and water present

TYPICAL DOSAGE

600-2,000 PPM depending on stream analysis such as pH, paraffin/wax content, API, blending, residence time, and H2S levels

three phase treatment information

APCOTANE™

UN NUMBER: UN2924

USE

Treatment via commingled stream containing H2S

TYPICAL DOSAGE

600-2,000 PPM depending on volume of fluid present and ability of water volume to control pH

Vap-X Oil Blend

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:32 GMT

Vap-X™ Oil Blend has been formulated to greatly reduce H2S and CO2 in an oil stream with excess water.. It can reduce the oil H2S and CO2 by 50-70%. When acid gas is present the water phase tends to be at acidic levels. VapX™ Oil Blend is engineered to neutralize the acids thereby converting the H2S out of the sulfide phase. In many battery applications water plays a main role in causing scale especially when a high pH chemical is introduced to mitigate the H2S. Vap-X Oil Blend proprietary blend has a chemical that inhibits the fallout of precipitants even at an elevated pH. It also has a corrosion inhibitor built into the chemistry as well. A static mixer is used to apply the chemistry and allow the chemistry to migrate thru the oil column. . Vap-X™ Oil Blend is best utilized in high H2S concentrations with with water being present. The dosing rate is based on volume of liquid flow rate therefore it is ideal to be used via a automative pump. Vap-X™ 3 OIl Blend also has a proprietary chemical additive that acts as a corrosion inhibitor.

Apollo Petroleum Solutions

Application

Apply dosage mainly based on volume
Treat in-line or batch treatment
Mitigate Hydrogen Sulfid (H2S) at facility
Containments stay suspended not allowing for fallout

Features

Corrosion Inhibitor
Low Dosage for High PPM
Stream-Dependent

Benefits

Requires lower dosage
No Supply Chain Issues
More Economical than Other Options
Non-Triazine Base

Physical Data

Colorless
1.2 Specific Gravity

Vap-X 3 Phase

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:32 GMT

Vap-X™ 3 Phase has been formulated to greatly reduce H2S and CO2 in an oil, water, and gas system. It effectively reduces all three streams by 50-70% of its H2S and CO2. The product adjust the pH of the water from the acidic phase to a neutral pH once the reaction is complete. Vap-X™ 3 Phase is engineered with a higher RVP allowing the treatment of the gas phase via gas partitioning. The chemical is applied utilizing a static mixer via a commingled stream (oil, gas, and water) allowing for turbulent mixing between the three phases. A critical aspect of the treatment is the mixing energy to make sure all the molecules have contact with the solution. With very minimal capital expenditure this product will show how it can impact a field. Bring shut-in production back online with ability to treat previously thought to be uneconomical wells to produce. Vap-X™ 3 Phase is best utilized in high H2S concentrations with consistent liquid flow. The dosing rate is based on volume of liquid flow rate and water volume where pH is controlled to help mitigate fallout from occurring. Vap-X™ 3 Phase also has a proprietary chemical additive that acts as a corrosion inhibitor.

Apollo Petroleum Solutions

Application

Apply dosage mainly based on volume
Treat inline before separation
Mitigate 1,000s of lbs of Sulfur via chemical injection
Containments stay suspended not allowing for fallout

Features

Targets all sulfide (including iron sulfide)
Low Dosage for High PPM
Stream-Dependent

Benefits

Requires lower dosage
No Supply Chain Issues
More Economical than Other Options
Non-Triazine Base

Physical Data

Colorless
1.2 Specific Gravity

Apcotane H2O Product Info

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:29 GMT

Apcotane H20TM has been formulated to mitigate H2S and CO2 with minimal dosage. The product changes the pH of the water from acidic to neutral. This is when H2S is no longer in the sulfide phase. The product also is built to be able to help maintain a neutral pH therefore not allowing for fallout of precipitants. Apcotane H2OTM is stream dependent not ppm-dependent, so dosage is based on the stream of the water. The critical aspect of the treatment is the mixing energy to make sure all the molecules have contact with the solution. The product targets all organic and inorganic sulfides such as mercaptans and iron sulfide. Apcotane H2OTM has many different applications in the oil and gas industry. Chemistry was built to deal with produced and fracking water.

Apollo Petroleum Solutions

Application

Apply dosage mainly based on volume
Blend evenly for 30 minutes of residence time or sharing
Chemistry helps separate oil and water for easy recapture
Containments stay suspended not allowing for fallout

Features

Targets all sulfide (including iron sulfide)
Low Dosage for High PPM
Stream-Dependent

Benefits

Requires lower dosage
No Supply Chain Issues
More Economical than Other Options
Non-Triazine Base

Physical Data

Colorless
<1 Specific Gravity

Apollo's new oil/gas blend effectively reduces 70,000 ppm of H2S in comingled stream

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:28 GMT

Challenge

Find a cost effective hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment for H2S oil/gas in the Permian Basin Formation in west Texas.

Solution

Apply Apollo's new gas/oil blend to improve H2S treatment in comingled stream. Drop H2S below 3% to make gas sale viable.

Results

Reduce H2S levels below 3% to allow for gas sales.
Improve overall safet y and integrity of company assets
Prove Apollo's new oil/gas blend does not create fallout.

Apollo's new oil/gas blend effectively reduces 70,000 ppm of H2S in comingled stream.

Treatment via Pipeline Injection

Reduce Hydrogen Sulfide in sour crude oil and gas.

Hydrogen Sulfide is naturally produced from the Permian Basin Formation. The levels can range from a few ppm up to 150,000 ppm hydrogen sulfide and must be reduced to below pipeline specifications, which are typically less than 10 ppm. In addition to reducing product value, hydrogen sulfide exposes producers to environmental and safety risk and increases the chance of corrosion.

Producer in West Texas currently deals with high H2S. Apollo has been tasked with treating the Hydrogen Sulfide using their new gas/oil product which will reduce the H2S thus allowing for gas spec of under 3% H2S. Apollo then utilizes its Apcotane™ product to treat the oil stream after separation to zero ppm of H2S allowing for pipeline spec. This will also help to increase the price per barrel realized while eliminating scale that has been an issue for the producer.

Apply Apcotane Ultra Lite to treat oil, increase profits.

The operator tasked Apollo with improving the treating efficiency of hydrogen sulfide in comingled stream of oil and gas. The flow that Apollo's chemistry interacted with thru the pipeline structure was roughly 10,000 bbl/oil a day and 10 MMCF of gas per day after a water knockout. The stream generally averages around 10% of H2S and 6% CO2. Apollo is able to inject their new oil/gas blend into the pipeline stream via one injection point. In about 100 foot of pipe Apollo has been able to reduce H2S in gas phase to 3% and CO2 to 2%. Apollo has been able to run the stream successfully for 7 months Producer has been able to increase production due to the ability to economically treat. A. Alleviating 50,000 lbs/S off of their sulfur plant and an additional 30,000 lbs of CO2. Apollo has also been able to deal with the spikes of the wells which can exceed 150,000 ppm of H2S and continue to make it sour pipeline spec.

This is a ground-breaking chemistry for the oil and gas world. Showing Apollo's new blend is able to economically treat high H2S and allow both streams to be sold. This will allow capped wells to be able to come online, now that there is an economical treatment for the gas stream.

Rare Petro

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:27 GMT

One of the first concerns from Taprock about our products is that they have an elevated pH. As we discussed, Apollo has taken the next step with its Vap-XTM Oil Blend product formulating to be oil-soluble. This breakthrough product allows the H2S to be mitigated, still utilizing the organic molecule to form a covalent bond with bisulfate in the crude stream. Additional patented chemistry is added to insure no fallout in either the oil or water phase. Furthermore, Vap-X Oil Blend has a low specific gravity, allowing it to blend better with the incoming oil streams. Lastly, a pH around 7 in the crude stream, actually is at the ideal level to maximizes Vap-XTM Oil Blend treating goals:

1. Lower chemical usage

2. NO precipitation

3. Meet H2S pipeline specs.

During our site visit a couple of weeks ago, we received a sample from well #114 at the Gipple CTB. The raw H2S level was 12,000 ppm. Based on 3rd party testing by SPL, we were able to achieve under 10 ppm. However we feel with treating the comingled stream with Vap-X 3 Phase Blend directly will improve H2S crude specs for the entire CTB. We also recommend a couple of upgrades to improve treating at the Gipple CTB. With upcoming construction planned, we recommend the addition of two static mixers, one right after separation with a primary injection point and the second one before the VRU with a secondary injection point. Finally, running the heater treater at around 120°F should improve treating speed and efficiency. Both improvements should enhance treating all three phases.

Overview of Vap-X™ Oil Blend and Apollo Advantages

* Set per BBL treating Cost, NO hidden cost

* Vap-X™ Oil Blend is a highly effective H2S mitigation product

* Dosage is fractional compared to other chemistry

* Lower Specific Gravity helps with incoming crude streams blending (oil soluble)

* Oil-Soluble formulation eliminates fallout in crude and water even with less-than-ideal applications

* Vap-X™ has been lab tested at-20°F with zero crystallization or gelling

* 24- hour a day on site personnel supplied by Endeavor

In conclusion, Apollo also would like to setup a meeting at Taprock Corporate office to address all concerns and questions as it relates to the application in New Mexico. During this visit, would a lab be available for testing? We can give you and Taprock personnel an onsite test of Vap-X™ Oil Blend. In the lab we can try to make the stream precipitate solids. I am including a video regarding Vap-X™ Oil Blend precipitation properties for review.

Apollo/Pioneer Overview

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:26 GMT

Apollo started treating for Parsley on 11/20/2020. At first Apollo started on Whiskey River 19.5 and Whiskey River 5.8. Both of these batteries are in the upper limits of H2S for Parsley. WR 19.5 runs between 80,000-120,000 ppm of H2S and the WR 5.8 runs between 40,000-50,000 ppm of H2S. Apollo treated these wells successfully for 6 months with its patented Apcotane™ product.

As Parsley was transitioning into Pioneer Apollo received 14 additional batteries

1. Pecan State B-CH

2. Pecan State C-FH

3. Redbud State KH

4. Redbud State MH

5. Trees Ranch 35-38H

6. Trees State 14-15H

7. Trees State 23-26H

8. Trees State 24-25H

9. Trees State 29-28H

10. Trees State 50-47H

11. Trees State 52-53H

12. UTL Section 30 CTB H

13. UTL Section 44H TB

14. Whiskey River 59H

Apollo brought these batteries online at the end of May 2021. Apollo has successfully been able to treat and meet spec over this time frame. Treating these batteries is a unique application in that there is no sales tank. Meaning treatment is applied and then recontaminated with H2S laden oil. For example, the UTL 44 has an oil load line and the lact line a few feet apart but the same height as the tanks. This created a situation in which the oil would have to be overtreated at the circulating pump due to Apcotane™ high specific of gravity. If chemistry was applied on load line, chemistry would not get proper mixing and would fall to bottom of gun barrel tank and into the water cut. Due to this, Apollo did see some issues with the water phase becoming an elevated PH and having solids fall out. Apollo along with Jonathon Poe of Parsley/Pioneer made some suggestions of adding a sales tank. Due to timing they decided not to go with this application. Apollo and Pioneer agreed to add static mixers which would help the mixing capabilities and greatly reduce/eliminate unspent Apcotane™ going in the water column. Static Mixers (for WR 19.5, WR 5.8, UTL 30, UTL 44 and WR 59H) were spec’d and ordered for the aforementioned batteries. With the timing of the purchase by Continental these mixers have not been deployed in the field. Apollo also has an additional oilsoluble chemistry (Vap-X™ Oil Blend) that it has deployed with the Trees 24-25 and Trees 23-26 for over a month since the Continental purchase. The chemistry is working very well with zero issues. We feel with the use of the Vap-X™ Oil Blend chemistry along with the static mixers we would be able to greatly reduce dosage rates as well as adverse problems associated with the application.

The UTL 30 and UTL 44 oil production has fallen off drastically since Apollo treatment ceased. Based on the numbers Apollo feels it could bring roughly an additional 3500 bbl. online per day at UTL 44 now utilizing Vap-X™ Oil blend as well as an additional 1500 bbl. at the UTL 30. This increase of 5,000 bbl. a day could be realized immediately. Also, the specs of the oil when Apollo was treating was 100 ppm that has since been adjusted to 1000 ppm which would be a cost benefit to Continental.

Apollo is a research and development company that is always striving for continued improvement in our chemistry. Apollo has a state-of-the-art private lab that allows our research scientist to develop and test chemical advancements. Apollo does not offer any off the shelf products that are relabeled. Apollo currently has nine domestic patents, three international patents along with fifty international patents pending. The company also has eleven more patents either in the provisional or pending stage. Apollo sources and blends all its patented and proprietary chemistry in house.

Apollo’s chemistry is ground-breaking in the scavenging world in that they have between 20:1 and 40:1 molar ratio when dealing with H2S or CO2. Most other scavengers are 2:1 or best-case scenario 3:1 that is why Apollo’s suite of chemistry utilizes low dosage rates which in turn have the best pricing per bbl. treated. This also will be demonstrated on the dosage comparison sheet.

This is an update on the current applications as well as the future applications that Apollo/Pioneer discussed.

Occidental Petroleum INC

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:24 GMT

Produced water and Hydrocarbons containing soluble and vapor phase H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide)

Intro

Apollo petroleum laboratories is a petroleum-based research laboratory of patented and proprietary products that are engineered for the dissolution of soluble and vapor phase H2S. This molecule is commonly associated with production oil, natural Gas, and produced water.

The Apollo chemical product line is a result of 25 years of research at major universities along with in-house research studies directed specifically on our client’s production challenges.

goal

To develop new chemical products and methods to mitigate H2S, corrosion, scaling, improve employee safety, protection of corporate assets, and provide greater efficiencies in production and lower overall operating production costs.

product line

Apcotane™

is highly engineered for the mitigation of H2S, both soluble and vapor phase in production crude. Apcotane has no upper limit of H2S in production oil of an API of 6 (oil asphaltene) to 50 API. Apcotane treats H2S efficiently in concentrations from 1000 ppm to 400,000 ppm. Typical dosing rate is .6 mg/l to 1.2 mg/l. This product based on molarity is one mole of Apcotane will mitigate 40 moles of H2S. Compared to Triazene at one to three moles of Triazene per mole of H2s. Apcotane is at least 40 times the efficiency. Apcotane provides a non-reversible reaction where the production oil has been treated with Apcotane and heated to 1800 degrees F, with no return of any soluble or vapor phase H2s. This process treatment has no fallout of salts, carbonates, chlorides.

Vap-X™ Oil Blend

is a highly engineered chemical with a high vapor pressure for the mitigation of H2s in oil with a higher water cut. The water cut will not dilute the Vap-X chemical therefore maintaining the reactive strength and efficiencies of the chemical while treating the H2s to zero ppm with no fallout or scaling or corrosion to the mechanical assets. Typical dosing rate is .6 mg/l to 1.5 mg/l to mitigate 100,000 ppm of H2s to zero.

Vap-X™ 3 Phase

has been formulated to greatly reduce H2S and CO2 in an oil, water, and gas system. It effectively reduces all three streams by 50-70% of its H2S and CO2. The product adjusts the pH of the water from the acidic phase to a neutral pH once the reaction is complete. Vap-X™ 3 Phase is engineered with a higher RVP allowing the treatment of the gas phase via gas partitioning. The chemical is applied utilizing a static mixer via a commingled stream (oil, gas, and water) allowing for turbulent mixing between the three phases. A critical aspect of the treatment is the mixing energy to make sure all the molecules have contact with the solution. With very minimal capital expenditure this product will show how it can impact a field. Bring shut-in production back online with ability to treat previously thought to be uneconomical wells to produce. Vap-X™ 3 Phase is best utilized in high H2S concentrations with consistent liquid flow. The dosing rate is based on volume of liquid flow rate and water volume where pH is controlled to help mitigate fallout from occurring. Vap-X™ 3 Phase also has a proprietary chemical additive that acts as a corrosion inhibitor.

Vap-X™ Natural Gas Blend

is a highly engineered for the mitigation of H2S in produced natural gas reducing 100,000 ppm of H2S to 40,000 ppm CO2 (carbon dioxide) is reduced from 80,000 ppm to 200 ppm This reduction of H2S and CO2 reduces the sulfur loading on the amines scrubber allowing greater production and allowing an increase in oil production. This chemical process will allow for shut-in wells to be open allowing for production increasing from nonproducing assets. This process is efficient and cost effective adding to corporate profits without Capital Expense outlay for future development of production wells, instead utilizing existing field assets.

Mer-X™

Mitigation of mercaptans sulfur compounds 90 to 98 % effective. Currently this process has been established in the lab. Field testing is under way.

Sul-X™

Mitigation of total sulfur 50 to 60 % effective. Currently this process is being tested in lab for further studies.

Apcotane™ H2O

is commonly used for H2S in water where the water is disposed of downhole thus mitigating the H2S reducing corrosion, scaling, salt fall-out, carbonates that blind or reduce pipe diameters thereby decreasing production. Apollo laboratories can also develop a process to clean the production water for re-use to fracking specs or many other uses.

Produced Water Challenges are treated slightly different for H2S, salts, carbonates and other composition contaminates. Depending on the concentrations of contaminates and the purposed disposal or re-use of the water dictate’s the process treatment.

Apollo laboratories works very close with its clients to resolve the oil industry challenges and provide new cutting-edge technologies to its clients. Helping resolve challenges very efficiently, cost-effective, all while improving site safety therefore adding to corporate bottom-line.

Apollo laboratories proposal to Occidental is a cost free to send a 5-gallon sample to Apollo labs with an outline of challenges and specs they would like to achieve. Apollo will run the sample in our lab to find the best cost-effective solution that we can then produce. Analytical results showing the final composition and reduction of contaminates will be produced. Once we have the process and analytical to present to occidental, we can then figure out the next steps moving forward.

This approach has no obligation on occidentals’ part. Apollo is very committed on validating that our chemicals and solutions perform exactly how they are explained. We like to provide our clients the best solutions that fit in the corporate budget.

The above product line has been deployed and on the market for 5 years with no disruption to production in pipelines, oil producers, natural gas producers, refineries, transportation. Our products meet federal transportation, natural gas commission, and petroleum commission guidelines. All research and treatments are confidential to its respective client.

Other Areas of Ongoing Research

Corrosion of Organic Acids
Scaling of Production Fallout
H2S of Natural Gas
Produced Water Fallout, Suspended Solids Due to H2S
Total Sulfure Reduction
Production Efficiencies Associated with RVP
Aviation Fuels Efficiencies, Combustion Gas Emissions
Motor Vehicle Fuels, Combustion Gas Emissions
Produced Water Contaminates and Re-Purposed Water
Production Natural Gas Emissions

Apollo currently has clients around the world from oil producers, refineries, pipelines, shipping, USA oil reserve, USA government aviation fuels, USA government motor fuels both private and Military, Middle east oil producers, USA oil and gas producers.

Apollo's Vap-X 3 Phase and Vap-X Gas Blend Can Help Bring Shut-In Production Back Online

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Fri, 01 Apr 2022 19:15:22 GMT

Challenge

Find a solution for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment for H2S oil/gas in the Permian Basin for shut-in legacy wells.

Solution

Apply Apollo's Vap-X™ suite of chemistries to improve, manage, and mitigate H2S and CO2 in oil/gas/water phases or each individually. It will allow producer to manage gas in the midstream sales line.

Results

Reduce H2S and CO2 levels to allow for gas sales.
Improve overall safety and integrity of company assets.
Demonstrated the effectiveness of Apollo's Vap-X™ suite of chemistry at mitigating H2S and CO2 with minimal side effects.

Apollo's Vap-X™ 3 phase and Vap-X™ gas blend can help bring shut-in production back online.

Multiple Treatment Options Utilizing Both Chemistries

Reduce Hydrogen Sulfide in sour crude oil and gas.

Hydrogen Sulfide is naturally produced from the Permian Basin Formation. The levels can range from a few ppm up to 250,000 ppm hydrogen sulfide and must be reduced to below pipeline specifications. In addition to reducing product value, hydrogen sulfide exposes producers to environmental and safety risk. It also can increase the chance of corrosion.

Producer in West Texas currently deals with high levels of H2S. In some particular batteries levels are so high that it has forced producers to leave wells shut-in. Apollo suggested treating the Hydrogen Sulfide using their Vap-X 3 Phase product which will reduce the H2S in gas phase (as well as oil and water phase)thus allowing for a lower gas spec. This reduced level can then be sold to midstream for gas processing. Apollo, then utilizes its √ap-X™ Oil Blend product to treat the oil stream after separation to < 10 ppm of H2S,therefore meeting for pipeline specifications and midstream sales requirements.

3 Foot Static Mixer Installed

The initial pilot began on January 29, 2022. The goal of the pilot was to return to the well back to continuous production with the oil level of H2S below 10ppm and the gas level of H2S with 50% reduction. The picture above shows the well coming into the facility as a commingled stream. Apollo suggested a 3 foot static mixer to help with blending the chemistry into all three phases which in turn would lower the dosage rate was installed that allowed Apollo to introduce Vap-X 3 phase blend into the stream. Apollo also asked for the installation of three different testing ports. These ports allow Apollo to monitor the streams for H2S ppm reduction, water ph, along with fluid rates. Apollo's Vap-X 3 phase reduces H2S and CO2 in all three streams. The initial startup of the well came with numerous challenges since the well has been shut-in for an extended period of time. We experienced very sporadic flows as well as very high H2S and CO2 raw numbers upon startup. The initial numbers were 250,000 ppm of H2S as well as 250,000 ppm of CO2.

The Vap-X 3 phase chemistry is designed to greatly reduce both H2S and CO2 in all three streams. This particular well is very unique in two different ways. First, the oil/water phase H2S and CO2 is typically lower than gas phase. This was not the case for the well. This required higher dosing. Second, the CO2 concentration in the oil and gas was much higher than anticipated requiring a higher dosage rate (Vap-X is not selective for H2S only but will also mitigate CO2). We brought the well online on 01/29/2022. Production rates and H2S concentrations fluctuated a lot during the first two weeks of testing. Production shut-ins occurred a couple of times during the test. Initial dosage rates of Vap-X 3-Phase were in the 70-75 gallons per hour. Reductions in H2S and CO2 occurred almost immediately and ranged between 40%-69% over the first 7 days. The tables below show results sampling during the test. The raw and the treated H2S numbers represent the concentrations in the gas phase. Apollo also measured the water pH in the mixer and at the free water knockout to monitor for conditions that would allow for potential solids to form.

As the well came back online on 1/31/2022 we once again noticed high fluctuations in the raw ppm of H2S. However, one of the unique characteristics of the Vap-X™ suite of chemistries is that they are able to deal with burps(high fluctuations) of H2S unlike anything on the market. Which makes it ideal for wellhead application especially when dealing with elevated H2S levels that tend to hit pockets of high H2S occasionally (ie..100k ppm jumping to150k ppm)

We received word from midstream company that we had to shut-in due to constraints at their plant due to another customer. Then due to weather (cold front) we had to keep the well shut-in because the pumps had to be defrosted. Once that got situated we went back to pumping chemistry on 2/3/2022 at 2:30 pm. We continued to get very good results however Apollo felt dosage could be improved from the 70-75 gallons/hour.

Apollo working along with the producer suggested utilizing an additional chemistry from the Vap-X™ suite. The Vap-X™ gas blend chemistry which would be introduced via the inlet to the scrubber. Apollo would also introduce a water wash into line to insure flow and allow any contaminants (salt mainly) the ability to be absorbed back into the water phase. This is an application that Apollo has applied for a patent, due to the application and chemistry. Apollo utilized both Vap-X™ 3 phase and Vap-X™ gas only. Apollo continued to inject Vap-X™3 phase chemistry via the static mixer point. While simultaneously polishing the gas via the injection points before the scrubber as seen below.

The amount of water needed for the water wash is a formula based on the expected MMCF, as well as the H2S and CO2 ppm associated with the gas stream. Since this stream has an estimated flow of around 1.2 MMCF per day as well as 15% of both H2S and CO2 respectively, the water utilized via this application requires a large dosage pump similar to the chemistry. The picture below shows the pump configuration at the scrubber injection for the gas only stream as well as the chemical pump for the three phase injection.

Patent Pending Water Wash Application

Dosage Pumps for Vap-X™ 3 Phase, Vap-X™ Gas Blend, Water Wash

As we started up the initial injection point at the inlet of the scrubber the well continued to spike up and down. During the night of Feb 5th and morning of Feb 6th the raw ppm of H2S spiked to over 200,000 ppm. However with the injection of the Vap-X™ suite of chemistries (VapX™ 3 phase and Vap-X™ gas blend) at the two different spots we noticed it was able to handle the spikes easier. We were; however, continuing to use 70 gal/hour between the two injection points.

From 2/8 to 2/10 the well was shut-in. After discussions of inconsistencies between producer and Apollo, producer started to realize the inconsistencies of the well flow was due to the ESP (Electrical submersible pump) having outdated software. The decision was made that we needed to get some consistent raw H2S numbers before we started to introduce chemical back into the system. Apollo also after analyzing our data from the previous two weeks wanted to introduce the Vap-X gas blend only thru the injection points at the inlet of the scrubber (no longer use Vap-X™ 3 phase). The morning of 2/11 is when the well would come back online and the raw H2S data would be collected.

As the well stabilized and it seemed to be running around 120,000 ppm of H2S consistently Apollo was allowed to reintroduce the chemistry as Vap-X™ gas blend only via the injections on the inlet of the scrubber. Apollo instantly noticed a reduction of chemistry from the 70 gal/hour down to 55 gal/hour at initial startup. This was over a 20% reduction compared to the other two previous applications. However on 2/12 Apollo was able to reduce the chemistry usage another 10 gallons/hour down to 45 gal/hour. By switching to a gas only application for the well Apollo was able to reduce the chemistry over 40% from the initial 75 gal/hour down to 45 gal/hour. Apollo was able to maintain this dosage for all of 2/12 and into the morning of 2/13. However the well continued to deal with sporadic flow due to the software being outdated. It was decided to shut-in the well to change a back pressure valve.

As Apollo was monitoring the well it also noticed the gas stream CO2(which fluctuated between 80,000 to 120,000ppm) was consistently around 2% after treatment. Producer informed Apollo that the midstream company views H2S and CO2 as the same meaning they take the combined ppm for their threshold limits. This is a HUGE benefit to the Vap-X™ suite of chemistries because we are getting the H2S reduction that has been well documented as well as a significant reduction in CO2 as well. As Apollo continued to run the chemistry on 2/16 they noticed the reduction was basically the same utilizing 45 gal/hour or 40 gal/hour. After much trial in the field Apollo has came to the conclusion for this particular well the best application is utilizing the inlet injection at the scrubber. Apollo during the field trial also was able to reduce the dosage from 75 gal/hour down to 40 gal/hour saving the producer substantial money.

After the successful test Apollo met with the producer on 2/17. During that meeting it was decided to setup the Whiskey River 19.5 battery for permanent injection. Apollo asked producer to add static mixers into the other two headers coming into the battery. They also suggested to the producer that some type of automation would be needed so that if the well shut-off the chemical would do the same. Producer agreed to put a valve to cut off air supply to the dosage pumps. Apollo also stated that depending on the treatment of the other wells (meaning how much Vap-X™ 3 phase could be utilized before the scrubber) would determine if an additional scrubber would need to be added to deal with the liquid of the chemical as well as the water from the water wash. Apollo is hoping that the other 4 wells that come into the battery will utilize some of the Vap-X™ 3 phase chemistry which would lower the Vap-X™ gas only chemistry used. However, due to the Vap-X™ suite of chemistry the producer has many options for optimal reduction with minimal chemistry.

As Apollo continued to treat the well on 2/18-2/19 utilizing the injection points at the inlet of the gas scrubber the reduction in H2S and CO2 was continuing to stabilize. Apollo was able to continue to get the reduction at the new dosage rate of 40 gal/hour. In the early morning hours of 2/20 the well shut-in. Since we did not have any automation setup to turn the pumps off, the chemical as well as the water wash continued to run even though there was no gas present. Due to this there was a buildup of solids (salt) at the scrubber dump. Samples were taken and dissolved back in water to verify that salt was the issue. When the proper shut off valves are installed for the chemical pumps this issue will not happen.

The testing for the well was very successful. If we look at an average of 150,000 ppm of both H2S and CO2 and the ability to get these elements down to 50,000 ppm at the sale lines is a monumental leap in chemistry ability. If we are able to quantify these results with 40 gal/hour, then we would be able to deal with H2S < $1.75 Lbs/S and CO2 < $1.75 Lbs/C. Apollo feels as other wells come online in this battery we will see a continued drop in price for Lbs for both elements. By utilizing the Vap-X suite of chemistry Apollo feels we will be able to help the producer tap into roughly 15,000 bbl/day of shut-in production with minimal Cap-X outlay. This particular well proved 800 of such barrels.

Apollo's Vap-X Gas Blend Working to Mitigate H2S and CO2, Greatly Reducing Nitrogen

s@unleash.media (Sebastian Guenther) — Wed, 30 Mar 2022 14:57:22 GMT

Challenge

Find a solution to mitigate hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), and Nitrogen (N) in gas phase. Help replace an Amine plant.

Solution

Apply Apollo's Vap-XTM suite of chemistries to improve, manage, and mitigate H2S, CO2, and N in gas phase. It will allow producer to manage gas in the midstream sales line.

Results

Reduce H2S and CO2 levels to allow for gas sales.
Improve overall safety and integrity of company assets.
Demonstrated the effectiveness of Apollo's Vap-XTM suite of chemistry at mitigating H2S and CO2 with possibility of taking Amine plant offline.

Apollo's Vap-XTM gas blend working to mitigate H2S and CO2 and greatly reducing Nitrogen

Cleaning the Gas to Bypass Midstream

Reduce Hydrogen Sulfide in sour crude oil and gas.

Hydrogen Sulfide is naturally produced in oil formations. The levels can range from a few ppm up to 250,000 ppm hydrogen sulfide and must be reduced to below pipeline specifications, which are typically less than 10 ppm. In addition to reducing product value, hydrogen sulfide exposes producers to environmental and safety risk. It also can increase the chance of corrosion.

Producer in Arkansas currently deals with moderate levels of H2S. Apollo suggested treating the Hydrogen Sulfide using their Vap-X Gas Phase product which will reduce the H2S in gas phase thus allowing for a lower gas spec. Apollo also was made aware that the stream was 1800 ppm of H2S, 66,000 ppm of CO2, as well as over 160k ppm of Nitrogen. Apollo's goal is to reduce the levels so then the gas to be sold to midstream for gas processing.

The pilot testing began on March 8, 2022 at approximately 9:30 CST. For the inItial testing we loaded 330 gallons of the Vap-X Gas Phase chemistry into the vessel picture below. Apollo also will run for a very brief period an inlet injection before the gas enters the piping loop to help lower the contaminants before the gas is introduced into the bottom of the vessel. Since no water wash was able to be utilized Apollo felt a short run would be beneficial to establish some data. As the well came online and started to flow it was assumed that the vessel was treating rougly 280 mcf. The pressure was between 25-30 psi so low pressure. The initial raw data that was pulled was 1400 ppm of H2S, 60,000 ppm of CO2, and Apollo also monitored water vapor. In this stream the raw data for water vapor was 3mg/L. Apollo monitors the water vapor because the chemistry will dry the gas, which will in turn play a role in diluting out the chemistry.

330 Gallons of Vap-X™ Gas Phase Added in Vessel Above

Initial Injection Point as well as Testing Points

As treatment started the initial numbers came in very well. Apollo had some concern due to not having a water wash that the initial

injection would be beneficial. In most applications with treating in pipe gas only, Apollo has seen great results by allowing water to be

introduced which also give a fluid for the treated contaminants to go into. Apollo also will be monitoring the treated data from the initial

injection alone (this data will be delivered with an asterisk * next to the info). Throughout this test it was noted that the initial injection point did not have near the expected results than having a water wash would have been able to produce.

Drager tubes Showing Raw Data on Left and treated Data on Right.

First Tube in Each Section is Water Vaport, Second Tube is CO2, and Third Tube is H2S.

At 2:00 AM on 3/9/22 the test was called off due to running out of drager tubes for the testing of the gas. Colby did note that the vessel felt warmed when he arrived back on location at 7:00 AM. Apollo made it known that if the chemical is stagnant without gas running through it reactions would continue. Due to this the chemical will spend even if gas is not being flowed thru the vessel. When a sample of the chemistry was pulled before startup the pH of the chemistry was 10 pH. In the morning of 3/9/22 Apollo along with Colby decided to turn the gas and the vessel back on.

The testing went very well. Results were very good considering the contaminants that were in the gas. Apollo would like to continue testing further. Apollo after talking with Colby would be able to introduce a water wash in the pipes along with adding a coalescer to take out the fluid. This will be very beneficial in allowing a larger reduction with the initial injection and it will also lower the water vapor in the gas stream. Apollo would also test a new chemistry in the vessel that it is calling Vap-X™ Gas Phase 2.0. Please see the information below from the three different samples that were pulled during testing and the results when viewing them thru a GC (gas chromatography).

Samples Provided: three 5 liter samples were obtained. Raw, Treated at 10 AM, Treated at 1 PM GCMS

Raw Sample: shows high compositions of Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide and aprox 40% by volume methane, also consistent pentane, butane, propane, and other contaminate compounds.

Treated Sample at 10 AM: shows the gas is fairly clean with the H2S, CO2, and some of the other contaminates are mitigated to trace elements. The treated methane gas volume increased to approximately greater than 90% by volume, much cleaner with no loss of the integrity of the natural gas (methane) and other elements as pentane, propane, butane. components wanted in the natural gas having BTU value.

Treated Sample at 1 PM: shows the gas is greatly cleaned up with the H2S, CO2, and some of the other contaminates are mitigated to trace elements. The treated methane gas volume increased to approximately greater than 95% by volume, much cleaner with no loss of the integrity of the natural gas methane and other elements as pentane, propane, butane. components wanted in the natural gas having BTU value. Cliff Roe (Apollo Chief Scientist) believes this gas is clean enough to make LNG at the well head. The water vapor has diminished substantially equaling equilibrium. The quality and integrity of the gas is extremely clean with very low trace contaminates (meaning parts per billion or trillion contaminate counts).